• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    Converter of alternating current into direct current with power factor correction, capable of operating with single-phase and three-phase lines. The present invention relates to a power factor correction converter that can be connected indifferently to a single-phase or three-phase alternating current source. The converter comprises a three-pole input connectable to a single-phase or three-phase power source, and a three-phase rectifier that has three branches in parallel each with two semiconductor switching devices connected in series with each other, and a fourth branch in parallel with the previous three that have two diodes connected in anti-parallel with the DC output of the converter, and with the three branches of the rectifier. Using a set of switches, the connection of the three rectifier branches and the diode branch are reconfigured, so that the rectifier can operate in single-phase or three-phase mode depending on the type of current connected to the input of the converter. (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding)
    公开号:ES2780474A1
    申请号:ES201930153
    申请日:2019-02-22
    公开日:2020-08-25
    发明作者:Navalpotro Lorenzo Escribano；Blanco Antonio Lazaro；Escribano Rubén Gutierrez；Bautista Andrés Barrado
    申请人:Broad Telecom SA；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    [0002] ALTERNATING CURRENT CONVERTER IN DIRECT CURRENT WITH CORRECTION
    [0003] OF POWER FACTOR, TRAINED TO OPERATE WITH SINGLE-PHASE AND
    [0005] Object of the invention
    [0007] The present invention relates generally to converters for converting alternating current to direct current with power factor correction.
    [0009] More specifically, an object of the invention is to provide a versatile converter, which can be connected indistinctly to a single-phase or three-phase alternating current source to convert it into direct current, and which also operates with high efficiency and low noise.
    [0011] The invention is especially applicable to power supplies integrated into portable electronic equipment, such as television signal transmitters, battery recharging equipment, etc.
    [0013] State of the art
    [0015] Some rectifier circuits that are used to convert alternating current into direct current, implement a power factor correction (Power Factor Correction or (PFC)) to reduce the effects of harmonic currents, and thus achieve a more efficient energy conversion .
    [0017] More specifically, in a PFC converter, the input alternating current signal is forced to be in phase and proportional to the input alternating voltage, which reduces harmonics and extracts the maximum available power from the AC line.
    [0019] Furthermore, converters with PFCs are known that do not have a rectifier bridge at the input, thereby increasing the efficiency of the converter and reducing its cost. A known type of bridgeless converter with power factor correction is those that use the "totem pole" topology for the AC / DC rectifier, in which two switching devices, such as Mosfets, are placed one above the other. and connected in series, and simultaneously connected in parallel with two flyback diodes. A "totem pole" rectifier has the advantages of: reduction of power losses in the switching of the switches, thus increasing the efficiency of the conversion, and the reduction of noise and electromagnetic interference.
    [0021] In the "totem pole" topology a first switch device operates as an active switch and forms a main current circuit with a diode, while a second switch device operates as a return switch. The functions of the active and flyback switches change as the input voltage changes between positive and negative cycles. Figure 5 shows the operation of a "totem pole" rectifier already known in the state of the art.
    [0023] The US patent publications US 2015/0180330 A1, US 2012/0069615 A1 describe respective examples of rectifiers with a "totem-pole" topology, with PFC power factor correction.
    [0025] On the other hand, portable electronic equipment generally integrates a power supply that is connected to an AC power source available in the location where the equipment is to be used, and converts it into direct current to power various electronic systems. of the team. These portable equipment are prepared for connection to either a single-phase or three-phase current source, depending on the nominal power of the equipment.
    [0027] Since this type of portable equipment is moved to multiple locations, there is the problem that sometimes only one type of AC line is available, either single-phase or three-phase, which is incompatible with the type of power supply for which it is prepared. the equipment, so it cannot be connected to the available AC source. This is the case, for example, of mobile television transmission units, or the case of electric vehicles that need to be recharged.
    [0029] Therefore, the need in this technical field has been detected for rectifiers that, in an economic and simple way, can operate indistinctly connected to single-phase and three-phase alternating current lines.
    [0031] Description of the invention.
    [0033] The invention solves the aforementioned problems, providing a converter with power factor correction without a bridge, capable of operating indistinctly with single-phase and three-phase lines.
    [0034] The converter of the invention comprises an input that has three connection poles indistinctly connectable to a single-phase or three-phase current source using a suitable type of connector for each case, and a direct current output with a positive and a negative pole. The converter also comprises a three-phase step-up rectifier connected between the input and the output of the rectifier, and two unidirectional conduction devices, preferably diodes, connected in antiparallel to the output of the rectifier and to the output of the converter.
    [0036] The three-phase rectifier is conventionally made up of three branches connected to each other in parallel and connected to the two poles of the converter output, where each branch has two semiconductor switching devices, such as Mosfets or IGBT's, connected to each other in series.
    [0038] In addition, to raise the output voltage, the three-phase rectifier has, in a conventional manner, a coil at the input of each branch, that is, connected to the central point between the two electronic switching devices.
    [0040] The converter further comprises electrical connection means, such as a switch with two or more switches that can be switched at the same time, such as, for example, a relay. These connection means are connected to reconfigure the connection between the input poles of the converter and the rectifier depending on the type of AC line connected to the input of the converter, so that the rectifier can rectify a single-phase or three-phase current.
    [0042] Thus, the rectifier can operate in two modes:
    [0044] - single-phase mode, where the input of each rectifier branch (central point between the two semiconductor switching devices) is connected with the same input pole (case of single-phase lines with phase and neutral, or with two input poles in case of single-phase two-pole lines). Preferably, each branch operates in a "totem-pole" configuration so that the return of the current is carried out through the unidirectional conduction devices (diodes).
    [0046] - three-phase mode, where each input pole is connected respectively with the central point (between the two switching devices) of each branch of the rectifier, and the bridge operates conventionally as a step-up rectifier, preferably by means of a control PWM (Pulse Width Modulation - pulse width modulation). The center point between the two unidirectional conductors does not connect (it is electrically isolated).
    [0048] The electrical connection means can be configured and connected in multiple ways to obtain those two modes of connection and operation of the rectifier, using at least two switches that switch at the same time. The present invention encompasses any way to realize these two connection modes.
    [0050] In a preferred embodiment, two poles of the converter input are permanently connected respectively to the center point of two branches of the three-phase rectifier, and the electrical connection means is a relay with two switches.
    [0052] In another preferred embodiment, the connection means is a switch with four or more switches that switch at the same time.
    [0054] The converter further comprises a line-type detector, either single-phase or three-phase, connected to the input of the converter, and in such a way that the detector is operatively associated with the connection means to make them change their position depending on the type of line. connected to the inverter input.
    [0056] Unidirectional conduction devices are diodes, where a first diode has the cathode connected to the positive pole of the converter output, and a second diode has the anode connected to the negative pole of the converter output, and the cathode connected to the anode of the converter. first diode.
    [0058] Another aspect of the invention relates to a power supply that can be indistinctly connected to a single-phase or three-phase line, comprising a converter as defined above.
    [0060] Another aspect of the invention refers to a battery recharging equipment that can be indistinctly connected to a single-phase or three-phase line, comprising a converter as defined above.
    [0062] Brief description of the figures
    [0064] Figure 1.- shows respective electrical diagrams of a preferred embodiment of the converter of the invention, where figures 1A and 1B correspond to the two positions of the switches for operation in three-phase mode (figure 1A) and single-phase mode (figure Figure 2.- shows two electrical diagrams of another preferred embodiment of the converter of the invention, where figures 2A and 2B correspond to the two positions of the switches for operation in three-phase (figure 2A) and single-phase (figure 2B) mode ).
    [0066] Figure 3.- shows two electrical diagrams corresponding to the connection of the converter for its operation in three-phase mode (figure 3A) and single-phase mode (figure 3B), and where the connection switches have been omitted for greater clarity of the figure.
    [0068] Figure 4.- shows an electrical diagram of the converter including an EMI filter and a line-type detector.
    [0070] Figure 5.- shows various electrical diagrams the operation in "totem-pole" mode of each branch of the rectifier, in a manner already known in the state of the art. The arrows indicate the flow of the current.
    [0072] Figure 6.- shows another preferred embodiment of the converter, including means to detect the type of line to which it is connected, and an auxiliary converter at the output of the rectifier. Two EMI filters (10) have been represented to show the two connection possibilities, although in a practical implementation only one is used.
    [0074] Figure 7.- shows several preferred alternatives according to the invention, to implement the final converter at the rectifier output, where figure 7A shows a Full-Bridge final converter (full-bridge); Figure 7B shows an LLC type final converter; and Figure 7C shows a three-phase inverter connected to the rectifier output and feeding a motor (M).
    [0076] Description of a preferred embodiment of the invention
    [0078] Figures 1 and 2 show a preferred embodiment of a converter (1) according to the invention, which is capable of operating with single-phase lines (one pole plus neutral (1P + N) or two poles (2P)), and with three-phase lines ( 3P).
    [0080] For this, the converter (1) comprises an input (2) that has three poles or connection lines (A, B, C) that can be connected to a single-phase (1P + N or 2P) or three-phase (3P) line that is available in the location where the converter will be used, providing for this a suitable plug or connector (not shown). For example, the converter may have two interchangeable connectors, one for a single-phase network and the other for a three-phase network, and in each case the one corresponding to the type of line available is connected.
    [0082] The converter (1) has a direct current output (Vbus) with a positive and a negative pole (3.3 '), and a capacitor (4) connected in parallel with the output to stabilize the output voltage.
    [0084] The converter (1) also incorporates a three-phase rectifier (5) to convert an alternating current at the input (2) of the converter into a direct current at the output (Vbus) of the converter, which has three branches (a, b, c ) connected in parallel between the poles of the converter output (3,3 '), and where each branch has two semiconductor switching devices (6 a, 6 a', 6b, 6b ', 6c, 6c') connected in series each. Preferably, the semiconductor switching devices are Mosfets or IGBTs.
    [0086] The input of the three-phase rectifier (5) are the three central points (7 a, 7b, 7c) of each branch (a, b, c), and the output of the three-phase rectifier (5) are the two common connections between the three branches (a, b, c), which are also connected respectively to the two poles (3,3 ') of the converter output.
    [0088] Conventionally, the converter (1) comprises a controller (16) to govern the operation, that is, the switching between the conduction or cut-off states of the semiconductor switching devices of the rectifier. The converter (1) is programmed so that the rectifier operates by means of a PWM control (Pulse Wide Modulation - Pulse Width Modulation). Since PWM control is widely known to a person skilled in the art, it is not considered necessary to delve into this aspect further in this specification.
    [0090] The converter (1) also has a fourth branch (d), also connected in parallel with the three branches (a, b, c) of the rectifier (5) and with the two poles (3.3 ') of the output of the converter. This branch (d) has two unidirectional conduction devices (D1, D2), preferably diodes, connected to each other in series and connected in anti-parallel with the direct current output of the converter, and with the three branches of the rectifier. The diodes (D1, D2) are used for the return of current for the "totem pole" operation of each branch of the converter to rectify a single-phase current.
    [0092] The anti-parallel connection is due to the fact that a first diode (D1) has the cathode connected to the positive pole (3) of the converter output, and a second diode (D2) has the anode connected to the negative pole (3 ' ) from the converter output, and the cathode of the second diode (D2) connected with the anode of the first diode (D1).
    [0093] Conventionally, the converter (1) comprises three coils (L1, L2, L3), each one connected respectively to the input of each branch of the rectifier, that is, respectively with the three central points (7 a, 7b, 7c) of each branch (a, b, c). In a known way, these three coils are used for the rectifier to raise the output voltage.
    [0095] To reconfigure the connection between the rectifier (5) and the poles (A, B, C) of the converter input (2), depending on whether it has been connected to a single-phase or three-phase line, the converter (1) also incorporates connection means (8) that have at least two switches that switch at the same time, and that connect one or more of the poles (A, B, C) of the input (2) of the converter with the three-phase rectifier (5 ) and diodes (D1, D2).
    [0097] More specifically, the means of connection elements (8) are configured and connected in the converter, to reconfigure the connection between one or more of the three poles (A, B, C) of the input (2) and the four lines (u, v, w, x) that can be seen in figures 1 and 2. The lines (u, v, w) are connected with the three central points (7 a, 7b, 7c) of the three branches of the converter respectively through the coils (L1, L2, L3), and where the line (x) is connected with the central point (7d) between the two diodes (D1, D2).
    [0099] In the embodiment of Figures 1A, 1B, the connection means (8) are embodied in a relay that has two switches, and the two poles (A, B) of the input (2) are permanently connected with the lines ( u, v), that is, with the central points (7 a, 7b) of the branches (a, b), so that the switches only act on the third input pole (C) and lines (w, x) .
    [0101] The first switch of the relay has a common terminal (R1) connectable with two terminals (R2, R3), and the second switch also has a common terminal (R4) connectable with two terminals (R5, R6). Terminals (R1, R5) are connected with input pole (C), terminal (R4) is connected with line (w), terminal (R6) is connected with line (v), terminal R3 is connected with line (x), and terminal (R2) is not connected.
    [0103] When a three-phase network (3P) is connected to the input (2) (three-phase mode, figure 1A ), the relay switches take a first position in which the input pole (C) is connected to the line (w). In this case, the three poles (A, B, C) of the input (2) are respectively connected with a central point (7a, 7b, 7c) of each of the three branches (a, b, c) of the rectifier (5), so that it can rectify a three-phase current at the input of the converter. The current through the lines (u, v, w) is the same. The line (x) connected to the central point between the diodes (D1, D2), is not connected (it is isolated), since the diodes are not used in three-phase rectification.
    [0105] In three-phase mode, the converter (1) is connected as shown in figure 3 A.
    [0106] When a single-phase network ((1P + N) or (2P)) is connected to input (2) (single-phase mode, figure 1B ), phase (L1) is connected to two poles of the input, for example with the poles (A, B) in figure 1B, and the neutral (N) (or the other phase (L2)) connects with the pole (C).
    [0108] The relay switches adopt a first position in which one relay switch connects the lines (v, w) together and the other switch connects the pole (C) with the line (x), that is, with the center point between the two diodes (D1, D2). Therefore, the three branches of the rectifier (a, b, c) receive the same phase, and the current through these three lines (u, v, w) is equal. Since each branch (a, b, c) of the rectifier operates in "totem pole" mode, the current through the return line (x) is three times the current of the upper contact.
    [0110] In addition, in single-phase mode, the modulation of the three single-phase phases must be carried out by “interleaving” or 120 ° interleaved (at switching frequency) to reduce the EMI filter of the input.
    [0112] In single-phase mode, the converter (1) is connected as shown in figure 3 B.
    [0114] Depending on the availability of relays on the market and their current capacity, alternatively a relay with three switches could be used and two contacts put in parallel for the lower contact with the line (x). This inconvenience is due to the fact that in single-phase mode the current that enters through the three branches of the totem pole must return through the line (x) that acts as neutral (it would also happen with a 4-contact relay), but it is a minor inconvenience since by always keeping the currents the same through the three branches of the converter, a great optimization of the inductive ones is achieved.
    [0116] As shown in figure 4 , the reconfiguration of the connection elements (8), that is, the change between the first and second and vice versa, of the switches, is automatic, for which the converter (1) It has a line type detector (9), either single-phase or three-phase, which is connected to the input of the converter. The detector (9) is also operatively associated with the connection means (8), for example with the control terminals of the relay, to make the switches change their position, depending on the type of line connected to the input of the converter .
    [0118] Figure 6 shows in more detail a preferred way of implementing the line-type detector (9), and comprising a group of mains voltage sensors (11) that include an amplifier for each input line A, B, C , as well as a line-type detector circuit (12) that receives the three outputs of the amplifiers, and depending on the voltage measurements of each input line, determines whether it is a single-phase or three-phase line. The output (15) of the detector (12) is connected to the control knob of the relay of the connection means (8).
    [0119] In a manner already known in the state of the art, the converter (1) also has an EMI filter (10) to reduce noise in the rectification process, the EMI filter being connected to the input of the three-phase rectification (5), and before the coils (L1, L2, L3). Alternatively, the EMI filter (10) is connected between the input (2) and the connection means (8). These two connection options for the EMI filter (10) are shown in Figure 6.
    [0121] The converter (1) of Figure 6 also includes: a very low-power micro-converter (14) to feed the voltage sensors (11), and a low-power auxiliary converter (13) that feeds the micro-converter (14) and the control (16) and measurement (12) circuits of the power supply and which is connected to the output of the three-phase rectifier (5).
    [0123] In the embodiment of Figure 7 , a final converter (17) is available at the output of the rectifier (5). The final converter (17) is a switched converter that uses a transformer to galvanically isolate the primary (mains and PFC output) from the secondary (final load). This final converter (17) can have topology Forward, Full-Bridge (Figure 7 A) or LLC (Figure 7B). Additionally, the final converter (17) could control a motor (M) (Figure 7C), for example with a three-phase inverter, in which case galvanic isolation would not be used.
    [0125] The following explains the start-up process of the converter (1), and the network type detector (9) to which the converter is connected:
    [0127] When connecting the converter (1) to an AC network, all the transistors of the PFC rectifier (5) are off and the relay (8) in the rest position (by default configured for the three-phase network). As the Mosfets or IGBTs have an anti-parallel diode, the three branches (a, b, c) of the totem pole function as a full wave rectifier, so the mains voltage will always reach the output capacitor (4) of the PFC (5) (without correcting the power factor). The output capacitor (4) is charged with the peak voltage of the network. The output bus (Vbus) is powered by the auxiliary converter (13) which is in charge of powering the controller (16), the transistors through the line (VDRIVER) and supplying the necessary power to start the detection process of the type network.
    [0129] - If the network is three-phase (fig. 1A) we have each of the three phases at points u, v, and w. The transistors act as a three-phase full-wave rectifier. The voltage at (Vbus) will be the line voltage per root of two. With this voltage, the auxiliary converter (13) starts, which generates 12V and 5V for the controller (16), sensors (11) and network detector (12).
    [0131] In the primary there are the three isolated voltage sensors (11) to measure the voltage of each phase (A, B, C) to a virtual neutral point. These sensors (11) are necessary to perform the power factor correction of the converter (for example the ACPL-C870 from AVAGO). Thanks to these voltage sensors (11) the detector circuit (12) receives the voltage UX, VX and WX. With These measurements, the detector (12) verifies that the voltages maintain a phase shift of approximately 120 °, if this condition is met, the system is configured as three-phase and the relay (8) is left in the rest position. At this time the controller (16) of the power factor corrector can begin to control the transistors of the rectifier (5) to raise the output voltage and maintain a power factor close to 1.
    [0133] - If the network is single-phase (fig. 1B) we have the line at the points in u and v. The neutral of the network will be connected to point w. The transistors act as a single phase full wave rectifier. The voltage at (Vbus) will be the phase-neutral voltage per root of two. With this voltage, the auxiliary converter (13) starts, which generates 12V and 5V for the controller (16). The isolated voltage sensors (11) supply the detector (12) with voltages U-X, V-X and W-X. With these measurements the detector (12) checks if the voltages maintain an approximate phase difference of 120 °, since it is a single-phase network it will not be fulfilled, since the voltage UX is equal to the VX and the voltage WX will be 180 ° out of phase with respect to to the previous two. Therefore, since the conditions of the three-phase network are not fulfilled, the detector (12) must verify that the voltage U-X is equal to V-X and that W-X is 180 ° out of phase to verify that the single-phase connection is correct. If the condition is met, it will activate the relay (8) to connect W to the line and X to the neutral of the network. As soon as the relay has been activated, the power factor correction controller (16) controls the rectifier transistors (5) in single-phase mode, raising the output voltage and keeping the power factor close to 1.
    [0135] If the conditions for selecting the single-phase or three-phase mode are not met, the power factor correction controller (16) does not start and will have to signal that there is an error in the connection.
    [0137] Figure 5 explains the operation in "totem-pole" mode of the first branch (a) of the rectifier (5), in a manner already known in the state of the art, so it is not considered necessary to extend its explanation. The "totem pole" operation of the other branches (b, c) is identical to that of branch (a).
    [0139] Figures 5A and 5B show the current flow during the positive half cycle of the input alternating current, and Figures 5C and 5D show the current flow during the negative half cycle of the input alternating current. In Figures 5B and 5C the upper switch or transistor (6 a) is on, and the lower switch or transistor (6 a ') is on cut. In Figures 5A and 5D the bottom switch or transistor (6 a ') is conducting, and the top switch or transistor (6 a) is off.
    [0141] Thus, in figure 5 A the current flows through the coil (L1) (charging the coil), through the transistor below (6 a ') and returns to the AC source through the diode below (D2) .
    [0142] Subsequently, the bottom transistor (6 a ') is turned off and the top one (6 a) is turned on, so that the coil (L1) is discharged by the top transistor (6 a), by the load (R) connected to the output, and by the diode below (D2).
    [0144] In the negative half cycle as shown in figure 5C, the current flows through the top diode (D1), through the top transistor (6 a) and through the coil (L1) (charging the coil), and in figure 5D the Coil (L1) is discharged by the diode above (D1), by the load (R) connected to the output and by the transistor below (6 a ').
    权利要求:
    Claims (13)
    [1]
    1.- Power factor correction converter capable of operating with single-phase and three-phase lines, characterized in that it comprises:
    a three-pole input that can be connected to a single-phase or three-phase current source, and a direct current output with a positive and a negative pole,
    a three-phase rectifier to convert an alternating current at the input of the converter into a direct current at the output of the converter, where the three-phase rectifier comprises three branches connected in parallel between the poles of the converter output, and where each branch has two semiconductor devices switches connected in series with each other,
    a fourth branch having two unidirectional conduction devices connected to each other in series and connected in anti-parallel with the DC output of the converter, and with the three branches of the rectifier,
    electrical connection means to connect the input of the converter with the three-phase rectifier and the unidirectional conduction devices,
    and where the connection means are connected so that in a first position of the connection means, each of the three poles of the input is connected with the central point of each of the three branches of the rectifier, so that the rectifier can rectify a three-phase current at the input of the converter,
    and in a second position of the connection means, each of the three poles of the input is connected with each central point of the three branches of the rectifier, and another pole is connected with the central point between the elements of unidirectional conduction devices , so that the rectifier can rectify a single phase current at the input of the converter.
    [2]
    two.
    [3]
    3.
    [4]
    Four.
    [5]
    5.
    [6]
    6.
    [7]
    7.
    [8]
    8.
    [9]
    9.
    [10]
    10.
    [11]
    11. - Power factor correction converter capable of operating with single-phase and three-phase lines, according to claim 10, characterized in that the final converter is adapted to supply direct current loads with isolation or alternating current loads without isolation.
    [12]
    12.
    [13]
    13. - Battery recharging equipment connectable indistinctly to a single-phase three-phase line, characterized in that it comprises a converter as defined in any of claims 1 to 11.
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    ES201930153A|ES2780474B2|2019-02-22|2019-02-22|AC INVERTER CURRENT IN CONVERTER WITH POWER FACTOR CORRECTION, TRAINED TO OPERATE WITH SINGLE-PHASE AND THREE-PHASE LINES|ES201930153A| ES2780474B2|2019-02-22|2019-02-22|AC INVERTER CURRENT IN CONVERTER WITH POWER FACTOR CORRECTION, TRAINED TO OPERATE WITH SINGLE-PHASE AND THREE-PHASE LINES|
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